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The Cherokee (; Cherokee ''Ani-Yunwiya'' () are a Native American tribe indigenous to the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina and South Carolina). They speak Cherokee, an Iroquoian language. In the 19th century, historians and ethnographers recorded their oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples were. By the 19th century, European settlers in the United States called the Cherokee one of the "Five Civilized Tribes", because they had adopted numerous cultural and technological practices of the European American settlers. The Cherokee were one of the first, if not the first, major non-European ethnic group to become U.S. citizens. Article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States.〔 ''Note:'' Article 8 in the 1817 treaty as quoted, is mostly about certain land use rights (East of the Mississippi ()), which might be retained by certain "Indians" if they met certain conditions -- namely, if they () "wish to become citizens of the United States". However, in so doing, Article 8 ''implies'' that such "Indians" (living East of the Mississippi ()) who "wish to become citizens of the United States", could (would be allowed to) become citizens of the United States. It seems to (be worded so as to) anticipate a future (after 1817) in which lands West of the Mississippi () would remain (territories of, or) outside the boundaries of, the United States.〕 According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the Cherokee Nation has more than 314,000 members, the largest of the 566 federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States. In addition, numerous groups claiming Cherokee lineage, some of which are state-recognized, have members who are among those 819,000-plus people claiming Cherokee ancestry on the US census. Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (UKB) have headquarters in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The UKB are mostly descendants of "Old Settlers," Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817. They are related to the Cherokee who were forcibly relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina, and are descendants of those who resisted or avoided relocation.〔(Cherokee Indians. ) ''The Trail of Tears and the Creation of the Eastern Band of Cherokees.''. Retrieved 3 June 2014〕 In addition, there are numerous Cherokee heritage groups throughout the United states, such as the satellite communities sponsored by the Cherokee Nation. ==Name== The Cherokee refer to themselves as ''Ani-Yunwiya'' (), which means "Principal People." Many theories—though none proven—abound about the origin of the name "Cherokee". It may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word ''Cha-la-kee'', which means "those who live in the mountains", or Choctaw ''Chi-luk-ik-bi,'' meaning "those who live in the cave country."〔(Cherokee Indian Tribe. ) ''Access Genealogy.'' (September 21, 2009)〕 The earliest Spanish rendering of the name "Cherokee," from 1755, is ''Tchalaquei''.〔Charles A. Hanna, ''The Wilderness Trail'', (New York: 1911).〕 Another theory is that "Cherokee" derives from a Lower Creek word, ''Cvlakke'' ("chuh-log-gee").〔Martin and Mauldin, "A Dictionary of Creek/Muskogee."Sturtevant and Fogelson, p.349〕 The Iroquois in New York have historically called the Cherokee ''Oyata’ge'ronoñ'' ("inhabitants of the cave country"). ''Tsalagi'' () is sometimes misused as a name for the people; ''Tsalagi'' is actually the Cherokee () word for the Cherokee language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cherokee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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